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文章对R290房间空调系统在不同工况下启动的制冷剂和润滑油迁移情况进行了研究，通过系统关键位置的过热度变化和经图像处理得到的透明管明度变化分析制冷剂气液状态及转变时间。此外，还通过明度曲线研究了压缩机排油、回油的时间区间。试验结果表明，R290空调器在启动过程中大量液体制冷剂会被抽入储液器进行闪发，而压缩机排气会出现不同程度的排气两相阶段，虽然制冷工况仅维持不到30s,但超低温制热下排气两相持续了约600s,启动初期大量制冷剂在压缩机和储液器内。由于节流前干度很大，流量受限使得系统低压侧有长时间的过热状态。两相排气阶段润滑油被大量带进系统，节流阀附近会产生较高浓度的润滑油环状流动，节流后过热开始缓解时的低温甚至令油滴结晶，但是系统中的润滑油在较长时间后仍可回到压缩机内。该研究结果为R290空调器的启动控制优化和可靠性保证提供了参考。
Abstract：This study investigates the migration of refrigerant and oil of R290 room air conditioner during startup process under various operating conditions. Results show that the variation of superheated/subcooled degrees, as well as the variation of luminance of transparent tube with image processing at key locations of the system can be used to predict the change of phase of refrigerant and the durations. Besides, the variation of luminance can be also used to obtain the oil discharged from and returning to compressor. Large amount of liquid R290 would be sucked into the accumulator and the discharge become two-phase flow during startup. It lasts 30 seconds for rated cooling condition, while it takes 600 seconds for discharge to become superheated for ultra-low-temperature hea-ting condition. The storage of refrigerant in compressor. The high quality of vapor gas before expansion device contributed to the long-term superheated status for low-pressure side. Lots of oil are taken into system, and annular flow with high concentration of oil near expansion device is found. Crystal oil stain forms due to the extreme low temperature when liquid increases but oil can finally return to compressor after long time. The research is helpful for the optimal control and high reliability of the R290 room air conditioner during startup.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.20245/j.issn.1009-8402.2026.02.002
中图分类号:TB657.2
引用信息:
[1]王澈,吴建华,李金波,等.R290房间空调器启动过程制冷剂和润滑油迁移特性研究[J].制冷与空调,2026,26(02):8-14.DOI:10.20245/j.issn.1009-8402.2026.02.002.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(51676147); 房间空调器及家用热泵热水器行业第二阶段HCFCs淘汰管理计划(FECO/LY1/S/20/184)
2026-02-09
2026-02-09
2026-02-09