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AI技术商业化浪潮下，大模型训练与推理需求激增，数据中心能耗呈指数级增长，传统冷却技术已难以满足散热与能效要求，亟需先进冷却技术破局。单相浸没式液冷技术凭借高散热效率与节能优势，成为数据中心散热的重要发展方向，而冷却液作为该技术的核心介质，其性能评价及物性变化对系统散热效果、可靠性影响深远。文章对市场常见的几种冷却液进行了评估，并使用CFD数值仿真分析了冷却液物性变化对冷却性能的影响。结果表明：低流量(1～4 m3/h)时碳氟化合物冷却效果更优(如SF10平均GPU温度比BINGYI 797低5.7℃),高流量时碳氢化合物性能更优；物性参数中，密度对平均GPU温度的影响程度最大，其次为导热系数、比热容以及动力粘度。密度和导热系数分别使温度降低9.8℃和9℃,动力粘度增加导致温度升高6.7℃,比热容影响较小(仅降低2.7℃)。
Abstract：Against the backdrop of the commercialization wave of AI technologies, the surging demands for large-model training and inference have led to exponential growth in data center energy consumption. Traditional cooling technologies can no longer meet the requirements for heat dissipation and energy efficiency, urgently calling for advanced cooling solutions to break the deadlock. With its advantages of high heat dissipation efficiency and energy conservation, single-phase immersion liquid cooling technology has emerged as a crucial development direction for data center heat dissipation. As the core medium of this technology, the performance evaluation of coolants and the changes in their physical properties exert far-reaching impacts on the heat dissipation effect and operational reliability of the system. This paper conducts an investigative evaluation of several common coolants in the market and uses CFD numerical simulation to analyze the influence of physical property changes of coolants on the cooling system. The results show that: under low flow rates(1-4 m3/h), fluorocarbons exhibit better cooling performance(e.g., the average GPU temperature of SF10 is 5.7 ℃ lower than that of BINGYI 797); under high flow rates, hydrocarbons surpass them(e.g., BINGYI 797 is 3.5 ℃ lower than SF10). Among the physical property parameters, density shows the largest impact on average GPU temperature, followed by thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity, and specific heat capacity. Density and thermal conductivity could reduce the average GPU temperature by 9.8 ℃ and 9 ℃ respectively. An increase in dynamic viscosity leads to a temperature rise of 6.7 ℃; while specific heat capacity has a smaller impact(only reducing the temperature by 2.7 ℃).
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基本信息:
DOI：10.20245/j.issn.1009-8402.2026.03.004
中图分类号:TB611
引用信息:
[1]孙颖.应用于服务器的单相浸没冷却液物性影响规律研究[J].制冷与空调,2026,26(03):33-41.DOI:10.20245/j.issn.1009-8402.2026.03.004.
基金信息:
天津市科技计划项目资助(24YDTPJC00650)
2026-03-27
2026-03-27
2026-03-27