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文章从提供热量、冷量及电力3个方面对数据中心各类余热回收技术的研究及应用进展进行了综述，结果表明，余热供热技术成熟，具有良好的节能减排效果，投资回收期较短；吸收式制冷及吸附式制冷可以利用数据中心余热，余热制冷可显著降低电能使用效率，理论投资回收期短；有机朗肯循环发电及热电发电是数据中心余热回收的潜在技术，余热发电理论上可以将电能使用效率降至1以下，但投资回收期长；余热回收综合利用可进一步增加能源利用效率。文章指出瞬时热负荷响应、供热距离探讨及余热季节迁移是数据中心余热供热的研究热点；与余热品位较高的液冷服务器数据中心的结合应用是余热制冷的发展方向；降低初投资，提升效率是数据中心余热发电实际应用的突破口。
Abstract：A review is conducted on the research and application progress of various waste heat recovery technologies in data centers from three aspects: providing heat, providing cooling capacity, and providing electricity. The results show that waste heat heating technology is mature, has good energy-saving and emission reduction effects, and has a short investment payback period. Absorption refrigeration and adsorption refrigeration can utilize waste heat from data centers, and waste heat refrigeration can significantly reduce power usage effectiveness, with a short theoretical investment payback period. Organic Rankine cycle power generation and thermoelectric power generation are potential technologies for waste heat recovery in data centers. In theory, waste heat power generation can reduce power usage effectiveness to below 1, but the investment payback period is long. The comprehensive utilization of waste heat recovery can further enhance energy utilization efficiency. It is pointed out that the instantaneous response of heat load, exploration of heating transport distance, and seasonal migration of waste heat are the research hotspots of waste heat heating technology in data centers. The combination application with data centers equipped with liquid cooled servers, where higher-grade waste heat is provided, is the development direction of waste heat refrigeration. Reducing initial investment and improving efficiency are the breakthrough points for the practical application of waste heat power generation in data centers.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.20245/j.issn.1009-8402.2025.07.010
中图分类号:TP308;TK115
引用信息:
[1]肖新文.数据中心余热回收技术研究及应用进展[J].制冷与空调,2025,25(07):57-71.DOI:10.20245/j.issn.1009-8402.2025.07.010.
2025-07-28
2025-07-28